A Sociological Approach On Self And Identity - 984 Words

In a variety of social interactions, we may question how individuals react or behave in certain situations. For example, if two people go on a date together there can be many communication errors such as not knowing what to say or how to act around that person. In society, there are vast situations in which people ask themselves how to behave in a specific situation and the affects society has on those decisions in everyday life. In Stets and Burke’s essay, â€Å"A Sociological Approach to Self and Identity†, there are many ways to view identities, interactions that influence those views in society, and the importance of commitment to identities. One main point in Stets and Burke’s essay are the many different views of the identity theories. The first view on identity is the collective view which is a particular group that focuses mainly on beliefs, and customs. This theory does not allow for tests in change or social interaction, therefore, excludes these important variables from this particular view of identity. The next view of identity is the social identity theory which indicates an identity within a society or groups of people, but is missing the significance of behavioral identity roles (9). Another growing view of identity is called symbolic interaction which allows understanding of a behavioral change, and role identities. More importantly, this view acts as a guideline on the structure of society by symbols that indicate different positions andShow MoreRelatedCommon Sense Explanations And The Explanations Of C. Wright Mills Theory Of The Sociological Imagination1534 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I will be exploring the differences between common sense explanations and the explanations of C. Wright Mills theory of The Sociological Imagination. Common sense is based on people s personal experiences and their opinions, very often constructed from social norms and generalised views. Whereas, the Sociological Imagination thought up by sociologist C. Wright Mills (1959) is based on the ideas of thinking critically and skeptically, in order to think sociologically. He wrote thatRead MoreGoffman s Contributions On Structures Of Interaction1482 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica. His studies on symbolic interactionism and interest in socially constructed self, the distinction between public identity versus the private self, the role of gender in society, and the study of public spaces have remained influential to our social interaction and institutional life. His naturalistic and sociological description makes him very easily accessible. Along with his use of metaphors in sociological th eory, we get a clearer picture of how social interaction and institutional lifeRead MoreThe Presentation of Self in Everyday Life by Erving Goffman1040 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen noted as the most important American sociological theorist in the second half of the twentieth century. In 1963, Goffman published Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity to illustrate the lives of stigmatized individuals—those who are unable to conform to standards that society calls â€Å"normal†. Stigma (1963) was published after two of Goffman’s other works, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life and Asylums. In The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959), Goffman uses face-to-faceRead MoreSociology : Relationship Between Individuals And Society894 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals and society. Self-influences society through actions of the individual; the self emerges in and is a reflection of society. Society influences the self in a reciprocal fashion. Through shared language and meaning the individual is allowed to take the role of other through social interactions. The self and what individuals do is dependent to a large extent on the society where they live. According to Sociology, there are two important factors that shape self and identity, social institutionsRead MoreThe Presentation Of The Self By Irving Goffman1305 Words   |  6 PagesConcept note: Dramaturgy The sociological concept ‘dramaturgy’, developed by Irving Goffman (1922 – 1982), was initially used in his book The Presentation of the Self (1959). Dramaturgy uses the theatre as an extended metaphor to explain social interaction and social roles. Like actors in a play, people play roles, working together to up hold various social realities and functional institutions such as work, school, home, medical, legal or leisure. Key components of this theory are ‘front and back’Read MoreDisability Term Paper1491 Words   |  6 PagesSubmitted to Dr. Duffy December 7, 2010 INTRO TO SOCIOLOGY 2 INTRODUCTION This paper demonstrates that hitherto sociological analyses of disability have been theoretically and methodologically inadequate. It is written that sociology, in common with the other major contemporary disciplines, has accepted almost without question the legitimacy of the individualistic biomedical approach to disability. It is argued that this partial and essentially non-disabled reading of the phenomenon has succeededRead MoreJewish People and Collective Memory: The Early Years of Zionist Settlement in Palestine1637 Words   |  7 Pagesessays, one of the main themes is the establishment of Jewish group identity; the negative diasporic identity Gordon creates is essential to compliment the positive future identity of the Jewish people. Following the definition of Fredrik Barth, group identity is created through shared fundamental cultural values and entails a membership that identifies themselves as members and which is identified by others as members. Group identity emerges when a group of people shares a common culture and this cultureRead MoreSelf Identity By Anthony Giddens1653 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Project of the self is one of the most significant concepts created by Anthony Giddens. The author bases his ideas of self-identification upon influence of the modern world and changes created by the process of globalization (Giddens, 1991). The main argument is strong. However the study seeks some further explanations of the role of identity in the social life of individuals. This essay will investigate issue of self-identity in the modern world according to Antony Giddens’s ideas. Firstly, itRead MoreThe Sociological Perceptions Of Health And Illness1552 Words   |  7 Pagesthe sociological perceptions of health and illness. This essay also discusses about the various patterns of health inequality within society, and to evaluate the different perspective and views of health within our society. It will also provide a brief analysis of two different starts to the study of health and illness. This essay will then move on to examine different health pattern which are gender, ethnicity and class. Health has always been the dominant factor of the society. Sociological investigationRead MoreThe Presentation Of The Self By Irving Goffman1167 Words   |  5 Pages The sociological concept ‘dramaturgy’, was developed by Irving Goffman (1922 – 1982) and initially used in his book The Presentation of the Self (1959). The concept was also a feature of subsequent works Behavior in Public Places (1963) and Interaction Rituals (1967), where the focus was on interaction and social scene rather than self-presentation and identity work. Dramaturgy uses the theatre as an extended metaphor to explain how people perform a variety of social roles, like actors in a play

Impact Of Globalization On The World - 1244 Words

It is without a doubt that the world today has become a â€Å"Global village†. Nobody wants to do or wear or even eat something that’s old news, all are out to get the â€Å"new† thing in the market. People in every corner of the world have access to similar services and products. Let it be fashion, entertainment of even food. Everybody is adopting similar habits. That’s the power of globalization. Globalization is the process by which the world is interconnected through technology and powerful infrastructure for the purpose of communicating and managing resources. Globalization seems to talk about several vibrant phenomena which ensure two major components. Firstly, they function across national boundaries and secondly, they result in higher incorporation or interdependence of human societies. It is therefore one aspect of development that affects the world in general, from every point of human view. However, this did not happen overnight. Many companies were a part of this process. Unilever being the biggest out of them all. It is one of the strongest and healthiest companies in the world with multiple successful brands. This further allows the company to expand into foreign markets in order to gain access to customers around the world. The strength of the company lies in its key four global brands Dove, Sunsilk, Rexona and Lux. The company’s initial aim was to compete internationally by just introducing fewer products and targeting just one or a few foreign markets. After theShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Globalization On The World1158 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Globalization is a movement that evolves over time. It heavily involves trade and business that builds relationships with border countries and overseas. Technology is a critical part of globalization as it involves connecting people in many ways. â€Å"The number of minutes spent on cross-border telephone calls, on a per-capita basis increased from 7.3 in 1991 to 28.8 in 2006† (IMF Staff, p. 271). The growth of technology has made it possible for people to connect almost instantaneouslyRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On The World1003 Words   |  5 PagesGLOBALIZATION We live in a time of worldwide change. What happens in one part of the world impacts people on the other side of the world. People around the world are influenced by common developments. The term â€Å"globalization† is used to describe this phenomenon. According to Harris, the term is being used in a variety of contexts. In a very broad context, media use it almost daily to refer to a wide variety of political, sociological, environmental, and economic trends. The business worldRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On The World1744 Words   |  7 PagesThe Past Globalization, it could be argued, began when tribes first realized there were other tribes in the surrounding areas. With different specialties and skills, these groups began to trade. While these groups may not have been very geographically separated, the available world was expanding as more and more people groups began to connect and interact. Landmarks in the development of globalization can be traced through history: from the exchange of both goods and knowledge on the silk roads andRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe impact that globalization provided to the world was a positive effect that expanded the influences from one country to another. Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. Similarities on how national markets established themselves in other countries which increases not only international trade but also cultural exchange . This increases cultural trade because it gives countries the abilityRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World1787 Words   |  8 PagesThis report will discuss the multiple roles of globalization in providing and transferring new and advanced technologies which, despite their significance, can severely damage the environment. This report will also be covering multiple aspects such as what we mean by globalization as a anomaly of changes. What technologies mean. What are the factors of globalization that supported it and what are the variables of it. First the term â€Å"globalization† must be defined. There are various definitions ofRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesThe flattening of the world due to free trade and globalization has had both negative and positive effects on states. Because the world market has begun to level out, more states are becoming technologically advanced thus increasing the global economy. However, while some states are beginning to catch up, others are remaining at the same level and are at risk for being surpassed, both technologically and economically. So, the flattening of the world is creating both winners and losers; it is importantRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World1179 Words   |  5 PagesThe world we live in today has witnessed a variety of changes, improvements and important events overtime. Yet, the most significant incident for many and especially for business related people is Globalisation. It is a term that is used to describe the exchange of knowledge, services, trade, information, cultures and capital between people, governments and organisations of different societies. According to The Economist (2013), economic historians’ opinions tend to differ when it comes to theRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On The World1435 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence and shape the world? Globalisation is described by the financial times to be the ‘process by which national and regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through the global network of trade, communication, immigration and transportation.’ Integration across the planet brings every individual together with a shared sense of purpose where as interdependency goes beyond this. It implies that we rely on and need each other. Across the world there is an interdependencyRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World1229 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Globalization is the process by which everyday life, marked by the diffusion of commodities and ideas, is becoming standardized around the world.† Presently, the world is considered more globalized than it has ever been. The world today has embarked on strong world relations through trade, exchanging both knowledge and goods. According to the World Trade Organization there are ten benefits of trading systems; the first entails the idea that â€Å"people are usually reluctant to fight their customersRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World1870 Words   |  8 PagesGlobalization can be defined as the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. (Oxford Dictionaries, 2016) Globalization is the buzzword of today as someone think it could develop the international. People can contact different things in their own place which are from other countries. Moreover, internet is more important things in globalization whatever for personal or society as it can let us to contact the things

Yoga Essay Research Paper Yoga a New free essay sample

Yoga Essay, Research Paper Yoga a New Experience. Page 1 Practicing Yoga is associated with set uping harmoniousness, composure and balance. It has been well-publicized in the mainstream media, recommended to patients by their physicians, and praised by its many practicians. Yoga can assist alleviate emphasis and tenseness in a individual? s day-to-day life. The definition of Yoga in the lexicon, is a Hindu theistic doctrine, learning the suppression of all activity of the organic structure, head, and will in order that the ego may recognize its differentiation from them and achieve release. In a more general term yoga is a system of exercisings for achieving bodily, mental control and wellbeing. Yoga means brotherhood. Union between one? s single consciousness and the Universal consciousness. Therefore, yoga refers to a certain province of consciousness as good as to methods that help one range that end or province of brotherhood with the Godhead. Many people confuse yoga with physical deformation, or believe it is a faith. We will write a custom essay sample on Yoga Essay Research Paper Yoga a New or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yoga is none of these things. Yoga is fundamentally a manner of life which enables one to conserve energy and organize the power of organic structure, head, consciousness, which keeps the organic structure healthy and the head relaxed. Yoga is one of the universe? s oldest subdivisions of religious enquiry, and one of the longest standing, most intense experiments of the human spirit, harmonizing to the Shoshoni site: Acquiring in touch with Shoshoni. Yoga teaches guidelines and values to follow, and patterns for purification for the organic structure, head and spirit. It is the exercising of subject and the pattern of purification. The religious tradition of yoga preparation has been passed down from coevals to coevals. In the last one hundred old ages, yoga has become available to the populace as neer before, presented through 100s of centres throughout the universe, through categories, workshops, pictures, books, audio tapes and even telecasting plans. Page 2 There are many different yogas. Yoga can be simplified into five rules. First there is proper exercising ; if a individual? s life style doesn? T provide natural gesture of musculuss and articulations so disease and great uncomfortableness will come with clip. The 2nd rule is proper external respiration ; yoga Teachs people how to utilize the lungs to their maximal capacity and how to command the breath. Breathing increases verve and mental lucidity. The 3rd rule is proper relaxation ; by loosen uping profoundly all the musculuss, the Berra can thoroughly rejuvenate his or her nervous system and achieve a deep sense of interior peace. The 4th rule is proper diet ; besides being responsibel for constructing oneselves physical organic structure, the nutrients a individual eats deeply affects the head. The last rule is positive thought ; people should exercise to entertain positive and originative ideas as these will lend to vivacious wellness and a peaceable, joyful head. The four waies of yoga are Jnana Yoga ; this is the yoga of wisdom and develops the Intellect or Will, Bhakti Yoga ; the yoga of devotedness which opens the bosom, Karma Yoga ; the way of action of altruistic service and Raja Yoga ; the royal or psychological, which involves the head. Hatha Yoga, which is a subdivision of Raja Yoga, is one of the best-known yoga patterns of western society. This yoga is a way to self consciousness. It consists of three constituents which are speculation, airss and take a breathing. Hatha Yoga strives to b alance strength and flexibleness. Adept pupils of this yoga can recapture the power of young person everyday. Advantages of Hatha Yoga are that it will supply a individual with a sense of wellbeing and it will leave a individual the power and assurance for enlargement and positive alteration. Weight-loss, musculus toning and emphasis alleviation are merely some of the immediate advantages of this alone and ancient pattern. Page 3 The benefits of Hatha Yoga are fundamentally divided into two countries. First, there are the physiological benefits. A individual will go stronger, more flexible and calmer. Hatha Yoga is one of the most complete systems of exercisings of all time created. This is because it works on all of the assorted systems of the human organic structure such as the Muscular, Circulatory, Digestive, Respiratory, Endocrine and Reproductive systems. Hatha Yoga Teachs a individual how to assist bring forth and hive away up more life current than is used up and it besides teaches how to direct this life current down to all tissues of the organic structure, therefore advancing their wellness through contact with interior cosmic energy. The chief constituent of Hatha Yoga are yoga positions or asanas. The word asana agencies comfy, stable airs. Asanas are exercisings of a particular sort. The signifier they hold taken is the consequence of a thousand old ages of experience: test and mistake, experiments, and scrupulous observation. Asanas are particular places of the organic structure that strengthen, sublimate and equilibrate the systems of a individual? s organic structure. They help let go of tight countries, knots, throughout the organic structure. These knots are frequently related to mental and emotional tensenesss which are stored in the physical musculuss. While asanas are seldom prescribed to handle unwellnesss, they certainly have mending belongingss and decidedly prevent diseases harmonizing to the Abhidhyan Yoga Institute, Inc. While executing asanas on a regular basis with Hatha Yoga, a individual will bit by bit achieve greater endurance, their organic structure will come to its natural weight and free itself of toxins, they will breath easier and they will hold an easier clip get bying with emphasis. Sing this, the individual? s overall temper will better since they would be holding more pleasant ideas and fewer negative emotions. The 2nd benefit of Hatha Yoga is the mental or religious facet. A individual will happen themselves more able to concentrate and go acutely cognizant of their ain inner voice. Deep rhythmic external respiration provides deep tenseness release and a noticeable rise in Page 4 energy degrees. A survey at Harvard University Medical School conducted by medical physicians revealed, ? A simple external respiration technique can take down blood force per unit area and lessening anxiousness. The consequences of proper take a breathing applied on bosom patients have proven highly helpful. ? There are many emotional benefits that Hatha Yoga creates such as, larning different relaxation techniques and sing deep relaxation, improved concentration, bettering self deserving and assurance, and remaining unagitated under force per unit area to call a few. Anyone can profit from analyzing Hatha Yoga. Busy people use it to pull off emphasis in their feverish lives, elite athletes use it to concentrate themselves toward a high degree of public presentation and to retrieve from hurts. In contrast to conventional athleticss and preparation plans, Hatha Yoga has been developed over 1000s of old ages as a manner of learning people how to better their lives, therefore alleviating emphasis and tenseness.

People as Resource free essay sample

What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’? Solution: ‘People as a Resource’ is a way of referring to a country’s working capital in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. Like various other resources people or population is a resource commonly termed as ‘Human Resource’. There are  some people  who regard population as liability rather than an asset. But it is not true; people can be turned into a productive asset if we make investment on them in the form of education, training and medical care. For example, Japan did not have any natural resource. They made investments on their people especially in the fields of education and health. Ultimately, these people after efficient use of their resources made their country rich and developed. Q. 2: How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital? Solution: Human resource superior to other resources like land and physical capital because human resources can make use of land and capital. We will write a custom essay sample on People as Resource or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Land and physical capital can not become useful of their own. What is the role  of education in human capital formation? Solution: Education has a vital role to play in human capital formation or in human resource development. It helps an  individual  to make better use of economic opportunities available before him. Education and skill are the major determinants of the earning of an  individual  in the market. Apart from these education has many other benefits such as. It helps a man to make all around  development and  opens the avenue of prosperity. * It uplifts his abilities as a skilled worker and enables him to earn better. Education enables a man to get rid of bad habits. * It helps a man to acquire good habits and become an ideal citizen for his country. * Literate parents are aware of the benefits of education of their children. They are also conscious of proper nutrition and hygiene. Q. 4:  What is the role  of health  in human capital formation? Solution: Health does not mean survival only. This term includes something much more. It involves not only the  physical fitness  of the  individual  but also his mental, economic and social well-being. The role  of health  in human capital formation or in individual’s working life is quite important. Health involves the physical, mental, economic and social well-being of an individual. It not only improves the quality of life of an individual but also adds to the human resource development on which depend the various sectors of national economy. Health covers a wide range of activities including  family welfare, population control, drug control, immunization and prevention of food adulteration etc. Only a healthy person can do full justice to his job. Thus it plays a vital role in individual’s working life. An unhealthy person is a liability for his family, organization and country. No organization will employ such a person who can not work efficiently because of ill-health. Q. 5: What part does health play in individual’s working life? Solution: Refer to answer of Q. No. 4 above. Q. 6: What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sectors? Solution: Activities can be classified under the following three sectors on the basis of the nature of their products or materials used: Primary Sector   Activities concerned with gathering or making available materials provided by nature are included in Primary Sector like agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, poultry farming, fishing, mining etc. Secondary Sector   Such activities which transform raw materials or primary products into commodities more useful to man are included under Secondary Sector. Some such activities are like manufacturing, quarrying. Tertiary Sector   This sector includes those activities which are a must for running modern industries or support the activities of the above two sectors. For example banking, transport, trade, education, insurance etc. Q. 8: Why are women employed in low paid work? Solution: There is no gainsaying that women are generally employed in low paid work as compared to men. The reasons of the same are as follows: * Education is one of the major determinants of the earning of an  individual  in the market. As majority of the women have meager education so they are paid less than men. Along with education, skill is also an important determinant which affects the pay of anindividual. Women are generally unskilled so they are employed in low paid work. It is also a fact that women can not do as much physical work as men can do. So naturally they are paid less than men. * Women have generally an additional responsibility of bringing up their family and children and so they can not be as regular as men in their duties. Hence, they are employed in low paid work and paid less as compared to men. Q. 9: How will you explain the term ‘unemployment’? Solution: A situation in which a section of the people, who are able and willing to work, but do not find gainful work is referred to as ‘unemployment’. Such a situation is often found in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Q. 10: What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment? Solution:  Disguised unemployment   In disguised unemployment, people appear to be employed while actually they are not adding to the productivity. This can be explained by the following example: Farmers in India use primitive methods of production in agriculture due to poverty. Lack of ownership right present in the existing land tenure system e. g. f we use modern methods of cultivation, a situation can be created when only two persons of a family can complete the work in farm instead of three. But the lack of modern methods and poverty create a situation that three persons work when the same work can be performed by two persons. So, one person is disguisedly employed. Seasonal unemployment   Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. Agriculture in India  is not a whole time occupation. It is seasonal. The cultivators generally grow only one crop in a year. As such in the rural sector and in the lean season, the cultivators and the hired agriculture workers find no work to do. The seasonal character of  Agriculture in India  leads to seasonal unemployment. Q. 11: Why is educated unemployment, a peculiar problem of India? Solution: Unemployment has become a common problem not only in rural areas but also in urban areas. Educated unemployment has become a common phenomenon in urban areas in our country. The reasons for the same are the following: 1. Defects in the Educational System Our educational system has failed to see the ground realities. After spending so many years in schools and colleges, our young generation, both men and women, come out in large numbers without any practical training whatsoever. They add to the number of already educated unemployed thus, making the problem all the more complex. In this way our educational system failed to deliver the goals as was expected. 2. Growth in the Industrial and Service Sectors is not Adequate The Growth in the Industrial and Service Sectors is not so satisfactory. No doubt that these two sectors have shown some improvement in creating employment opportunities over the years. But this improvement is not adequate to absorb the educated unemployed persons. The continuous migration of unskilled labour to urban areas has further added to the problem of the educated unemployed. 3. Visa Restrictions imposed by the Developed Countries Some of our educated unemployed are prepared to seek jobs in foreign countries like USA, Britain, Germany etc but Visa Restrictions imposed by most of the developed countries have further worsened the employment opportunities for the educated people. In which fields do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunities? Solution: Economic activities are divided into three sectors primary, secondary and tertiary. The primary sector especially agriculture employs two-thirds of the population of India. The secondary sector, especially manufacture industry, absorbs about 10% of the total working population while tertiary sector employs about 25% of our population. In the case of agriculture, there is no scope for further employment. As a result of disguised unemployment, many members of the farming families are unable to get full time work. As a result, much emphasis will now have to be put on manufacturing activities which belong to the secondary sector. This sector now absorbs only 10% of the working population. There is much scope in this sector so new manufacturing units can be set up and maximum employment opportunities created. Some people can be absorbed in the tertiary sector as well by expanding the scopes of activities like transport communication, banking, education, health, tourism and other such services.

The Key To The Future Is In The Genes

The Key To The Future Is In The Genes The Key To The Future Is In The GenesGenetic engineering is a much argued about and controversial topic these days. Genetic engineering is the changing of our base make-up, DNA, which has unlimited medical research capabilities, healing possibilities, and can even stop the aging process. Genetic engineering should be allowed to be researched to the full extent capable, with the oversight of the government.When you think of genetic engineering, you think of The Matrix, where humans are grown for a specific purpose. This is not true. Genetic engineering is the changing of your genetic makeup, for the purpose of creating immunities and curing genetic defects. By changing the genes in your white blood cells, you can create immunities to such viruses as HIV, Ebola, even the common cold. This small affect alone can increase life expectancy and help raise the quality of life. This technique can also be used to cure cancer, cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sach's Syndrome, and Down's syndrome.dick mouse The Human Genome Project is a genetic engineering project that is to map out all 23 pairs of human chromosomes. This project has an extreme impact in the scientific world. Mapping out all of the genes, the map of life itself, would mean a much greater understanding of the human body in general. Scientists could much better understand the human psyche and what creates the psychiatric abnormalities like bi-polar disorder and schizophrenia. This development could cure incurable diseases and finally help people to live without these horrible mental diseases.Genes control every aspect of our body and how it works. These genes even control the aging process. Think about it. If there were no aging process, no one would get old! There is no magic bullet for death, however, but people could be able to live to 120 while...

Depression Is Serious Effect of Racism on Children

Depression Is Serious Effect of Racism on Children It’s often said that children don’t see race, but that’s far from true; they not only see race but also feel the effects of racism, which can manifest as depression. Even pre-schoolers notice racial differences between groups, and as children age, they tend to separate themselves into race-based cliques, making some students feel alienated. More problems arise when children use racial stereotypes to bully their classmates. Being ridiculed, ignored or slighted because of race has a detrimental effect on children. Studies show that encountering racial bigotry can lead children to suffer from depression and behavioral problems. Racism can even lead teens and young adults to drop out of school. Sadly, the racial discrimination children experience doesn’t exclusively involve their peers, as adults are perpetrators too. The good news is that children with strong support systems can overcome the challenges racial bigotry presents. Racism, Depression, and Black and Latino Youths A 2010 study of 277 children of color presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies meeting in Vancouver revealed a strong link between racial discrimination and depression. Roughly two-thirds of the study subjects were black or Latino, while another 19 percent were multiracial. Study lead Lee M. Pachter asked the youths if they’d been discriminated against in 23 different ways, including being racially profiled while shopping or called offensive names. Eighty-eight percent of the kids said they had indeed experienced racial discrimination. Pachter and his team of researchers also surveyed the children about their mental health. They found that racism and depression go hand in hand. â€Å"Not only do most minority children experience discrimination, but they experience it in multiple contexts: in schools, in the community, with adults and with peers,† Pachter said. â€Å"It’s kind of like the elephant in the corner of the room. It’s there, but nobody really talks about it. And it may have significant mental and physical health consequences in these children’s lives.† Overcoming Bigotry and Depression The results of a five-year study conducted by researchers in California, Iowa, and Georgia found that racism can lead to depression and behavioral problems. In 2006, the study of more than 700 black youth appeared in the publication of Child Development. The researchers determined that children who’d endured name-calling, race-based insults, and stereotyping were more likely to report trouble sleeping, mood swings, and difficulty concentrating, according to ABC News. Black boys victimized by racism were also more likely to get into fights or shoplift. The silver lining, however, is that children with supportive parents, friends, and teachers weathered the challenges of racism much better than their peers lacking such support networks. â€Å"The outlook was brighter, though, for children whose homes, friends, and schools protected them from discrimination’s negative influences,† said Gene Brody, the study’s lead researcher, in a press release. â€Å"Children, whose parents stayed involved in their lives, kept track of their whereabouts, treated them with warm affection, and communicated clearly with them, were less likely to develop problems due to their experiences with discrimination.† Racism as a Source of Depression in Young Adults Teenagers and young adults are not immune to the effects of racism. According to the University of California, Santa Cruz, college students who experience racism might feel like outsiders on campus or pressure to prove the stereotypes about their racial group wrong. They might also suspect that they’re being treated differently because of race and consider dropping out of school or transferring to another school to alleviate their symptoms of depression and anxiety. With one university after another making headlines in recent years when students organize parties with racially offensive themes, it’s likely that today’s students of color feel even more vulnerable on campus than their predecessors did. Hate crimes, racist graffiti, and small numbers of minority groups in the student body may make a young adult feel completely alienated in academia. UCSC asserts that it’s important for students of color to practice good self-care to prevent racism from sending them into a depression. â€Å"It may sometimes be hard to resist using unhealthy ways to cope, such as using drugs and alcohol excessively or isolating oneself from the broader community,† according to UCSC. â€Å"Taking good care of your physical, mental, and spiritual health will leave you better equipped to cope with the stress of bias, and make empowered choices for yourself.†

Sam 488 unit 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sam 488 unit 5 - Assignment Example As argued by Fay (2011), the mechanism that defines the user access control is based on the elements that are necessary for an effective visitor access control system. Some of these elements include the access control directory, specific users, specific locations, and AICs principles. It is also important to note that these elements directly operate under the access control principles. In this case, the authentication provided by the user in the bind operation, when the security server receives a request that is defined in the server, allows or deny access to directory information. The Selection, purchase, installation, and operation of security devices that promote restricted security for safety are very critical to the security system. In this case, the purchase and installation of the locking devices for security purposes also depends on a number of factors. Some of these factors include the security cameras to be used, type of the locking devices, card readers, and a proper response protocol (Fay, 2011). Motion detectors are employed to successfully guard an in-house perimeter that has proven highly unpredictable for a circuit alarms. Using the reflective effects of certain waves, the motion detector is a device that seeks a disturbance situation in the room when an intruder enters the parameter, and the reflection pattern is disturbed. The sensor sends a signal, when this happens, and the door opens to send an alarm signal ultimately (Fay, 2011). The ultrasonic motion detectors work or s employed efficiently using the sound waves. When the movements disrupt the air and the sound waves, the sensors sound alerts of intrusion. Automatically, the waves strike objects within the field of detection and as long as there is no movement, the waves are not disrupted. Otherwise, the sound waves become interrupted and are reflected back to the receiver of the security system. The principle

Price control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Price control - Essay Example The opinion of the College of Physicians was based on the fact that it would be better to self-impose limits instead of letting the insurance companies determine the income the industry would generate. In 1989 Argentina impose price controls on all goods and service in an attempt to stop the rampant inflationary forces. The government called the new system "managed prices" and in order to raise prices businesses had to ask permission from the government to do so. Prior to the new rules the price of food items had tripled in the previous weeks. In 1992 China eliminated price controls on food items in a rational move towards moving its economic system to assimilate more a free economy. It eliminated price controls on meats, eggs, and grain. The move hurt the civilian population as the price of meat which was undervalue went up 40% instantly after the government eliminated price controls on food items. At the beginning of the 21st century the Irish government considered imposing price controls on rents and housing prices due to high inflation in this economic sector. In 2001 California and Nevada impose price controls on wholesale electricity prices. The move caused some generators to withhold supplies, which created power shortages that caused stage 2 alerts. The Bush administration through this initiative capped excess profits on energy producers. Price controls are a common practice in the petroleum industry. In 1988 the U.S. government charged the Texaco Corporation with a penalty of $1.25 billion for violations of price ceilings on the sale of wholesale crude oil. Price control regulations have not been effective at maintaining the price of gasoline down in the 21st century. In 1999 the state legislature of the State of Maine was considering either imposing price ceiling on prescription drugs or realizing mass purchases in order to lower the price of medicine for poor people. One of the worst cases of

Capabilities and Effects of Background Music Essay Example for Free

Capabilities and Effects of Background Music Essay Abstract Nonverbal communication speaks louder than verbal communication; therefore, nonverbal communication, such as background music, needs to be sensibly evaluated. As a form of nonverbal communication, background music is capable of influencing a target audience. In advertising, emotions can be shifted depending on the music being played in the background and the same feelings are then transferred to the product, providing a tremendous advantage in business (Dillman Carpentier, 2010). Music can change one’s mood; in the workplace, an improved mood allows employees to be more content and, overall, more productive. In addition, with the right musical selection, the music is able to increase the amount of information an individual is able to retain (Balch Lewis, 1996). Various aspects from several studies have been examined, demonstrating the power of background music and music in general. The Capabilities and Effects of Background Music Nonverbal communication may be unintentional and speakers may not be aware of their behaviors or it may be just the opposite (Troester Mester, 2007). However, background music is often carefully selected in order to aid in the desired goal, particularly in advertising (Dillman Carpentier, 2010; Kellaris, Cox, Cox, 1993). The goals of every businessperson may not be the same; yet, the capabilities and effects of music are rather consistent (Dillman Carpentier, 2010). Whether via television, radio, or in person, music is able to affect the moods of those in the audience (Knobloch, 2003). Music also has the ability to improve the performance of the task at hand of an individual (Fassbender, Richards, Bilgin, Thompson, Heiden, 2012). According to Balch and Lewis (1996), an increase in memory is also induced by music. In any aspect of business, the effects of music can be utilized and even increase efficiency and productivity. Mood Alteration One’s mood determines the way one thinks and acts and what is said (Knobloch, 2003; Hunter, Schellenberg, Schimmack, 2010). According to Hunter et al., â€Å"music is the language of emotions† (p. 47). The perception of music determines the emotion felt. The perception of happiness is more often transferred to feeling happy than the perception of sadness and feeling sad (Hunter, Schellenberg, Schimmack, 2010). Davies (2011) refers to the emotions of music as being contagious. When one is around people who are depressed, that person’s mood adjusts closer to those who are in the depressed state. Similarly, although a person may not actually be sad, a sad part in a movie can make that person feel sad; the same applies to music. Hearing music that sounds happy can make one feel happy and to the contrary. Davies models this as a cause and effect relationship. The music being heard is the cause and the effect is one’s reaction to the music. Whether the reaction is happy or sad is dependent upon the perception of the music to the listener. Sounds that reflect happiness include little amplitude variation, a vast pitch variety, and fast tempo (Hatfield, Cacioppo, Rapson, 1993). Therefore, when one hears these sounds of happy music, emotional contagion is invoked on the subject and causes that person to feel happy. In advertisements, music is selected as an enhancement but also to affect mood. It is a company’s goal to influence potential buyers by creating a positive attitude and feeling towards that company’s product. With a positive image in mind of a particular product, there is a greater likelihood that the consumer will purchase the product (Dillman Carpentier, 2010). An average of more than 9.5 hours of media is taken in by the average American on a daily basis; of those hours, 38% is dedicated to music – all of which affects mood in some way (Knobloch, 2003). In addition, according to Dillman Carpentier, 90% of commercials include music of some sort (2010). The preceding statistics show the value of music to consumers and therefore, reflect the importance music-induced moods have in marketing. Enhanced Performance Not only is music able to affect one’s mood but it is also capable of increasing the performance of an individual (North Hargreaves, 1999). According to Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky, the IQ scores of the participants of their study were highest when the participants were under the influence of music (1993). In the other two trials, the participants went through a relaxation process and sat in silence for 10 minutes; the scores were 2.95 and 3.56 points respectively lower (Rauscher, Shaw, Ky, 1993). Some teachers have started using music to increase the focus and efficiency of students. Relaxing music is played to keep the students’ minds from wandering and, instead, concentrated on the lesson. The relaxing music causes one’s brainwave frequencies to alter, entering the alpha state. The alpha state has been found to be the state where the best connection to one’s subconscious is made (Fassbender, Richards, Bilgin, Thompson, Heiden, 2012). Koenen’s and Restak’s (as cited in Fassbender et al., 2012) findings have both supported that music inhibits thought. Restak’s claim is based on a study conducted with surgeons as the participants. Due to differing parts of the brain being used for music and for physical tasks, the music doesn’t inhibit the task but keeps the other part of the brain occupied and, therefore, from becoming distracted (Fassbender et al., 2012). In another study, surgeons were asked to count backwards by various numbers under three different conditions and were monitored throughout their tasks. The different conditions were no music, music of personal preference, and experimenter-selected music. Each surgeon was individually tested and each surgeon’s blood pressure, pulse, timing, and accuracy were recorded. The results showed a significant difference among the three conditions and the areas being monitored. The surgeons’ blood pressures and pulses were at much higher levels when performing the tasks without music. The results of the tasks with the presence of music showed lower blood pressures and pulses but an increase in the speeds and accuracies of the surgeons. Of the two music conditions, the overall results of the surgeons were better when listening to music of their choice rather than the experimenter-selected music. The participants of the study are of a profession that undergoes much stress in the operating room; by listening to music of their choice, the effects of stress decrease and the quality of performances increase (Allen Blascovich, 1994). The studies of Dr. Adrian C. North provide several benefits of music for employers and employees. As previously mentioned, music can affect one’s mood. In the workplace, putting the employees in a better mood will increase their productivity by improving how well they interact with their fellow employees. It has been proven that one’s mood and helpfulness are directly related (North Hargreaves, 1999). Music has also been found to raise the employee morale, leading to a decrease in the number of absences (Furnham Bradley, 1997; North Hargreaves, 1999). The output per employee can also be increased in a work field involving repetitiveness. According to Johnson (2004), participants of his study (whose work was repetitive) matched the tempo of the music being played while working. Therefore, with the addition of music – causing a better mood, cooperation, and increased pace – the overall productivity and efficiency of the workforce can increase and, in turn, boost the company revenue. Music is a friend of labour for it lightens the task by refreshing the nerves and spirit of the worker – William Green ( quoted in Furnham Bradley, 1997) Increased Memory Although music and its relationship to human memory are still being researched, scientists do know that music affects several parts of the brain (Weir Nevins, 2010). Cognitive neuroscientist, Petr Janata, says, â€Å" It [music] calls back memories of a particular person or place, and you might all of a sudden see that person’s face in your mind’s eye† (Weir Nevins, 2010, p. 12). According to John Sweller, one must relate what is being learned to something that is already known (2003). Studies have proven the word-for-word is much higher when heard with music than when heard without music (Wallace, 1994). Wallace also suggests the musical accompaniment is used as a retrieval device or as an aid in the way the words are stored. The belief is that the music accents the words being spoken by acting as a cue when determining the number of syllables in a word and words in a verse (Wallace, 1994). It has also been shown that some memories are solely dependent on music being the trigger to recall them (Balch Lewis, 1996). In marketing and advertising, music plays a significant role on one’s memory. Most can probably identify the brand image, along with the melody, by simply reading, â€Å"five, five-dollar foot long† (Weir Nevins, 2010) due to the capability of music that allows one to recall melody and image from the text read (and the contrary) (Wallace, 1994). Pertaining to memory, music can also serve as an aid in health services (Simmons-Stern, Budson, Ally, 2010). According to a study by Simmons-Stern et al., patients with Alzheimer’s disease were able to recall more of the information they were given when it was sung rather than spoken. It is thought to be possible that these findings may aid in discovering a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease patients (Simmons-Stern et al., 2010). Conclusion There is no doubt music plays a role in everyone’s life in some way. The effects of music are nearly unavoidable due to the fact that music is incorporated into such a variety of activities and places and can cause differentiating feelings and results. Sad music can spread sadness (through emotional contagion) and infect the listener with that sadness, causing the listener’s mood to worsen. On the contrary, music is also able to make one feel happy (Davies, 2011). In the workplace, music is able to improve the mood of employees, motivate employees, and quicken the pace of the work being done (Furnham Bradley, 1997). By playing upbeat music where the work to be done is monotonous, the workers are less irritated and fall in rhythm with the beat of the music. A workforce that has a higher rate of productivity can ultimately benefit the company by increasing the profits (North Hargreaves, 1999). Music also accentuates words and increases the memorabilia of those words; this can be quite beneficial in advertisements (Weir Nevins, 2010). Another benefit music offers, with regards to memory, is as a possible treatment for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Simmons-Stern, Budson, Ally, 2010). Regardless of being a form of nonverbal communication or where it may appear, music strongly affects human beings with its ample array of capabilities. References Allen, K. P., Blascovich, J. P. (1994). Effects of Music on Cardiovascular Reactivity Among Surgeons. Journal of The American Medical Association, 272(11), 882-884. Balch, W. R., Lewis, B. S. (1996). Music-Dependent Memory: The Roles of Tempo Change and Mood Mediation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22(6), 1354-1363. Davies, S. (2011). Infectious Music: Music-Listener Emotional Contagion. In A. Coplan, P. Goldie, Empathy: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press. Dillman Carpentier, F. R. (2010). Innovating Radio News: Effects of Background Music Complexity on Processing and Enjoyment. Journal of Radio Audio Media, 17(1), 63-81. Douglas Olsen, G. (1995). Creating the Contrast: The Influence of Silence and Background Music on Recall and Attribute Importance. Journal of Advertising, 59(4), 29-44. Fassbender, E., Richards, D., Bilgin, A., Thompson, W. F., Heiden, W. (2012). The Effects of Music on Memory f or Facts Learned in a Virtual Environment. Computers and Education, 58(1), 490-500. Furnham, A., Bradley, A. (1997). Music While You Work: The Differential Distraction of Background Music on the Cognitive Test Performance of Introverts and Extraverts. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 11, 445-455. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., Rapson, R. L. (1993). Emotional Contagion. Current Directions in Psychological Sciences, 2(3), 96-99. Hunter, P. G., Schellenberg, E. G., Schimmack, U. (2010). Feelings and Perceptions of Happiness and Sadness Induced by Music: Similarities, Differences, and Mixed Emotions. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 4(1), 47-56. Johnson, V. W. (2004). Effect of Musical Style on Spontaneous Exercise Performance. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 24, 357. Kellaris, J. J., Cox, A. D., Cox, D. (1993, October). The Effect of Background Music on Ad Processing: A Contingency Explanation. Journal of Marketing, 57, 114-125. Knobloch, S. (2003, June). Mood Adjustment via Mass Communication. Journal of Communication, 53(2), 233-250. North, A. C., Hargreaves, D. J. (1999). Music and Driving Game Performance. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 40, 285-292. North, A. C., Hargreaves, D. J. (1999). Musical Tempo, Productivity, and Morale. Unpublished Manuscript. Rauscher, F. H., Shaw, G. L., Ky, K. N. (1993). Music and Spatial Task Performance. Nature, 365, 611. Simmons-Stern, N. R., Budson, A. E., Ally, B. A. (2010). Music as a Memory Enhancer in Patients with Alzheimers Disease. Neuropsychologia, 48, 3164-3167. Sweller, J. (2003). Evolution of Human Cognitive Architecture. San Diego: Academic Press. Troester, R., Mester, C. (2007). Chapter 7: Nonverbal Civility. In Civility in Business Professional Communication (pp. 87-105). Peter Lang Publishing, Inc. Wallace, W. T. (1994). Memory for Music: Effect of Melody on Recall of Text. Jornal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(6), 1471-1485. Weir, K., Nevins, D. (2010). Music and Your Mind. Current Health Kids, 34(1), p. 10.

Self Expression Essay -- essays research papers

Self Expression The American social environment has revolutionized the ways in which people express their sexual identity. Years ago it was taboo for a young lady to talk about sex or even arouse her interest about the topic. Sheltered under her parents wings a girl was not given the opportunity to explore her sexuality. Parents molded their children in their image and did not allow them much choice or opportunity for diversity. It was not as socially acceptable for a young person to be allowed to express themselves through clothes, music or lifestyle as it is today. Stuart Ewen presents an excellent point in his article “First Impressions'; about young people and how they have come to shape their own identity . Although this article is about the influence of urban styles on materialistic impressions, he makes a remarkably strong point about the historical transformation of individual identity. Ewen states “The old world of the parents was rooted in a continuity…the new world on th e other hand, demanded a sense of self that was malleable, sensitive to the power of increasingly volatile surfaces. Addressing the historical transformation of individual identity, historian Warren Susman describes it as a shift from the importance of “character'; to the importance of “personality'; (Ewen, 411). Audrey Lorde incorporated this theory throughout her book “ZAMI a New Spelling of My Name'; Lorde takes us on a journey through her life starting with her early childhood years. As a young black girl being raised by a strong, independent homosexual mother living a hetrosexual lifestyle, Lorde shows us how she secretly takes on many of her mother’s characteristics. Audrey Lorde uses her mother’s sexual identity as a foundation in developing her own sense of sexuality while struggling to express herself as a young, homosexual black woman in an extensively critical society. Audrey Lorde paints a picture throughout this book of how her mother’s sexuality played a major role in allowing her to come to terms with her own sexual identity. Lorde allows us to see that her mother lead a hetrosexual lifestyle only because back in the twenties and thirties homosexuality was not socially accepted. Although her mother was different from all of the other women, she never openly expressed herself i... ...y grew to come about. If Lorde was alive today, I am sure she would be happy to see how much the American social environment has influenced today’s youth. Homosexuality is far more accepted today than ever before. Children are being brought up in a free society that allows them to express their identity and sexuality in many different ways. This allows for them to grow as individuals and explore for themselves their intimate desires and personal preferences that will shape them in to becoming who they are later on in life. Ewen made an excellent point in his article by stating “…the new world on the other hand, demanded a sense of self that was malleable, sensitive to the power of increasingly volatile surfaces'; (Ewen, 410). This statement is true with today’s society. Parents of today’s generation are becoming less controlling and saving their children the resentment they felt towards their parents. Children are very vulnerable to everything that g oes on around them. I feel parents today are trying their best not to stand in the way of their children’s dreams and desires. Children are able now more than ever to explore.

Corporate University Model Essay

From my readings and research I have learned about the corporate university model. I will be evaluating why many organizations today are emphasizing training as an employee development tool and focus on why utilizing the internal university structure has become very popular. I think that the corporate university model is a very effective model. It is an educational entity that is a strategic tool designed to assist its parent organization in achieving its goals by conducting activities that foster individual and organizational learning and knowledge. It is set up to bring common culture, loyalty, and belonging to the company. Our text states that â€Å"a corporate university model is a training model in which the client group includes not only company employees and managers but also stakeholders outside the company (Roe, pg. 551, 2010).† â€Å"It response to the rapid changes in information and technology that characterizes our society. A companion to the concept of life-long learning, the corporate university enables businesses, both for profit and not for profit, to maintain and expand the expertise of their workforces and, as a result, to secure their positions in the marketplace. The corporate university adds value to the business and, in some cases generates revenue (Gould, 2005).† â€Å"The top five organizational goals of corporate universities were to improve customer’s service and retention, improve productivity, reduce costs, retain talented employees, and increase revenue (Roe, pg. 84, 2010).† If revenue is generated, the chief learning officer develops and implements the appropriate business and marketing plans (Gould, 2005).† Training functions organized by the university model tend to offer a wider range of programs and courses (Roe, pg. 84, 2010). Culture and values tend to be emphasized more often in the training curriculum of corporate universities. It centralizes training to make sure that â€Å"best training practices† that may be used in one unit of the company are disseminated across the company (Roe, pg. 84, 2010). It also enables the company to control costs by developing consistent training practices and policies (Roe, pg. 83, 2010). â€Å"Companies  have found that investment in human capital in the form of training and development yields high returns. The ones that recognize the value of their employees and place a new emphasis on education and training are becoming more competitive, successful, and profitable as a result (Dutkowsky, 2014).† â€Å"Transferring knowledge leads to synergistic cost advantages, better implementation of organizational strategies, and competitive advantage. Organizations are implementing corporate universities to aid in knowledge transfer. This allows organizations to customize them to meet their training needs (Clinton, Merritt, & Murray, 2009). Knowledge is the primary ingredient in gaining a competitive advantage and knowledge is a firm’s main inimitable resource. Knowledge has to be effectively transferred within organizations in order to maximize the competitive advantage arising from knowledge (Clinton, Merritt, & Murray, 2009). Corporate universities are also vital to employees as well. In this day and age, responsibility and authority are pushed downward and all employees are expected to make decisions and to contribute to competitive advantage. This requires workers who can think and do for themselves (Clinton, Merritt, & Murray, 2009). Advanced education and continuous learning is crucial. â€Å"The key goal for an organization is to provide its workers with the ability to retool their skills and knowledge continually. Corporate universities allow employers to provide employees the opportunity to increase their knowledge, and in return, employees will take education from the corporate university and give bac k to the organization through innovation, efficiency, and productivity (Clinton, Merritt, & Murray, 2009).† Overall, corporate universities are built on a system that understands the chief concern for knowledge workers in nearly every industry and occupation is the shelf life of their knowledge, causing them to have a constantly retool their schools. Employees benefit from the corporate university movement in more ways than simply being able to perform their assigned jobs better. They also learn skills and possibly earn degrees that can be carried through their career, making they, themselves, more marketable to the workplace. Corporate universities are the â€Å"fast growing segment of the adult education market. Corporate universities strive to achieve their mission of developing programs that are clearly linked to business objectives and organizational strategy. These programs are designed to convey corporate culture and focus  on learning beyond on-the-job training. By doing so, many employees throughout the United States and abroad are offered educational opportunities that might not otherwise be available to them. In conclusion, the corporate university model is a very effective model. Organizations constantly need to adapt themselves to stay aligned with an ever-changing and increasingly complex environment. Corporate Universities puts â€Å"smart learning† at the forefront, with strategies to secure alignment between organization and environment, which need both speed of learning and learning in the right direction. Across the globe, corporate universities have emerged as vehicles of such strategy-driven learning. References Clinton, M., S., Merritt, K., L., & Murray, R., S. (2009). Using corporate universities to facilitate knowledge transfer and achieve competitive advantage: An exploratory model based on media richness and type of knowledge to be transferred. Retrieved from: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/detail?vid=2&sid=4fbbc155-1ebe-4a53-b4b7-309ae9d4306c%40sessionmgr112&hid=115&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=psyh&AN=2009-19970-003 Dutkowsky, S. (2014). Trends in Training and Development – THE NEW ECONOMY, TRAINING IN U.S. COMPANIES, WHO DOES THE TRAINING IN CORPORATIONS? Retrieved from: StateUniversity.com http://careers.stateuniversity.com/pages/852/Trends-in-Training-Development.html#ixzz34jTinPJA Gould, E., K. (2005). The Corporate University. A Model for Sustaining an Expert Workforce in the Human Services. Retrieved from: http://bmo.sagepub.com.proxy library.ashford.edu/content/29/3/508.full.pdf+html Noe, R. (2010) Employee Training and Development (5th editi on). McGraw-Hill/Irwin

First Grade by Ron Koertge: Poem Analysis Essay

The shorter a poem is, the more striking it is. Ron Koertge’s First Grade proved this through a magic of splendid simplicity, most especially in the last line of the poem- â€Å"For the rest of our lives.† Sincerely, I was struck by the swift and wholesome change or transition in scene from the first stanza to the next. However, what threw me off my seat was the last line because of the ‘eternity’ Koertge had implied in that stanza. Just because of that line, the whole comparison between the first stanza, which illustrated our innocent and healthily imaginative childhood, and the second, which illustrated a stricter and guided society, had changed. It caused that first stanza to look short-lived and the second one to be incessant, everlasting, and without end. This poem’s message, implied greatly by the last line, tells us that we must enjoy our childhood and never take any opportunity or moment with our loved ones for granted. It also tells us that although we have our chance to have an occasional splurge, order, law, and justice will be prevalent at all times. This holds true to all people- especially those in First Grade. I think the main theme is the flawed school system. I don’t mean the school system in a particular area or country. He’s talking about school in general and how it kills the individual’s creativity and intellectual independence. He mentions how his imagination was wild and free before first grade: â€Å"Until then, every forest had wolves in it† and â€Å"we could talk to water†. But when he enters first grade, he’s faced with drab reality: his teacher is a â€Å"woman with the gray breath†; he’s saying that the state of mind the school creates in you is something that you’re stuck with for the rest of your life.

Ramses Ii Essays - Ancient Egyptian Mummies, Ramesses II

Ramses Ii Essays - Ancient Egyptian Mummies, Ramesses II Ramses Ii While visiting the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology, I found numerous works of art that interested me. I was able to appreciate these works more than before because of the knowledge I now possess after having taken this class thus far. Understanding the background, time periods, and history of the works that I was practically analyzing at the museum, made the pieces even more interesting and valuable to behold. The piece of work that captured my eyes the most was the statue of Ramesses II (?). This statue was found at the Heracleopolis, Temple of Harsaphes, in Egypt. This sculpture was made somewhere between 1897 and 1834, during Egypts Middle Kingdom. The artist was probably an ancient Egyptian who was patroned by the Pharaoh Ramesses II himself. According to the museums description of the work, Ramesses II seized this sculpture from a former ruler and the head was replaced to fit Ramesses satisfaction. This is a historical piece to preserve his power and immortality. This statue is an example of freestanding sculpture or sculpture in the round. It has been carved and chiseled out of Quartzite stone. This particular stone is composed mainly or entirely of quartz. The stone is compact and is a form of metamorphosed sandstone in which silica, or quartz, has been deposited between the grains of quartz of which the sandstone is essentially composed. Quartzite has a smooth fracture and is found primarily among ancient rocks. The subject and iconography of the work is to emphasize the success, reign and power of Ramesses II. According to the museums description, the sculpture also functioned as a place for the non-priests of the community to place votive offerings for the gods of the temple. The non-priests were not allowed in the temples hence the sculpture must have been near the entrance of the temple. There is a slab in front of the pharaohs feet where offerings would have been placed. The statue is rather large and stands approximately 10 feet high and 5 feet wide. The mass of the sculpture is almost overpowering to the observer. Egyptian art is known to be very compact, and this characteristic is evident in the statue of Ramesses II. The sculpture stays within the frame of the stone, nothing in this piece protrudes outside of its frame. The pose of the Pharaoh is consistent with Ancient Egyptian art as well. The Pharaoh is seated with his hands placed on his upper legs. His arms are close to his body at both sides, and his legs are close together and connected to the throne he sits upon. He sits upright in a tranquil manner reflecting power and kingship as well. His body is bilaterally symmetrical while his pose is frontal and his movement is suppressed. Ramesses II wears a headdress and a fake detachable beard (which is missing) to denote his rank. This visual evidence, (hairstyles, clothes, objects), is common in Ancient Egyptian art to symbolize the status of the figure. When the pharaoh is portrayed, he usually has an elaborate headdress, is larger in scale than other figures around him, wears an elaborate patterned kilt, and is in perfectly fit form. The Ancient Egyptians idealized the body of the pharaoh and were not realistic when it came to portraying the actual facial characteristics of the pharaoh. Although the statue is not being compared to other figures in the work, one can tell by its stance, dress, and mass that the figure is important. Another characteristic of this sculpture is the bulls tail on the back of his kilt, which is visible hanging between his legs. The bull, in Ancient Egypt, was accepted as a sign of power and was associated with the status of the pharaoh. The bull can be seen in many other Ancient Egyptian works of art involving the pharaoh. The sculptures space and form takes up a three dimensional quality and is meant to be viewed from all sides. It is composed into a block of stone. This three-dimensional sculpture occupies both mass and volume. The carving technique used in the sculpture is known as subtractive, taking away from the original form of the stone. The slab of

Little Boy Atomic Bomb in World War II

Little Boy Atomic Bomb in World War II Little Boy was the first atomic bomb used against Japan in World War II and was detonated over Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. The design was the work of a team led by Lieutenant Commander Francis Birch at the Los Alamos Laboratory. A gun-type fission weapon, the Little Boy design utilized uranium-235 to create its nuclear reaction. Delivered to Tinian in the Marianas, the first Little Boy was carried to its target by the B-29 Superfortresses Enola Gay flown by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr. of the 509th Composite Group. The Little Boy design was briefly retained in the years after World War II but was quickly eclipsed by newer weapons. The Manhattan Project Overseen by Major General Leslie Groves and scientist Robert Oppenheimer, the Manhattan Project was the name given to the United States efforts to build nuclear weapons during World War II. The first approach pursued by the project was the use of enriched uranium to create a weapon, as this material was known to be fissionable. To meet the projects needs, enriched uranium production began at a new facility in Oak Ridge, TN in early 1943. Around the same time, scientists began experimenting with various bomb prototypes at the Los Alamos Design Laboratory in New Mexico. Uranium Designs Early work focused on gun-type designs which fired one piece of uranium into another to create a nuclear chain reaction. While this approach proved promising for uranium-based bombs, it was less so for those utilizing plutonium. As a result, the scientists at Los Alamos began developing an implosion design for a plutonium-based bomb as this material was relatively more plentiful. By July 1944, the bulk of the research was focused on the plutonium designs and the uranium gun-type bomb was less of a priority. Leading the design team for the gun-type weapon, Lieutenant Commander Francis Birch succeeded in convincing his superiors that the design was worth pursuing if only as a back-up in case the plutonium bomb design failed. Pushing forward, Birchs team produced specifications for the bomb design in February 1945. Moving into production, the weapon, minus its uranium payload, was completed in early May. Dubbed the Mark I (Model 1850) and code-named Little Boy, the bombs uranium was not available until July. The final design measured 10 feet long and 28 inches in diameter. Little Boy Design A gun-type nuclear weapon, Little Boy relied on one mass of uranium-235 hitting another to create a nuclear reaction. As a result, the core component of the bomb was a smoothbore gun barrel through which the uranium projectile would be fired. The final design specified the use of 64 kilograms of uranium-235. Approximately 60% of this was formed into the projectile, which was a cylinder with a four-inch hole through the middle. The remaining 40% comprised the target which was a solid spike measuring seven inches long with a diameter of four inches. Commander A. Francis Birch (left) assembles the bomb while physicist Norman Ramsey watches. Public Domain When detonated, the projectile would be propelled down the barrel by a tungsten carbide and steel plug and would create a super-critical mass of uranium at impact. This mass was to be contained by a tungsten carbide and steel tamper and neutron reflector. Due to a lack of uranium-235, no full-scale test of the design occurred prior to the bombs construction. Also, due to its relatively simplistic design, Birchs team felt that only smaller-scale, laboratory tests were necessary to prove the concept. Though a design that virtually ensured success, Little Boy was relatively unsafe by modern standards, as several scenarios, such as a crash or electrical short circuit, could lead to a fizzle or accidental detonation. For detonation, Little Boy employed a three-stage fuse system which ensured that the bomber could escape and that it would explode at a preset altitude. This system employed a timer, barometric stage, and a set of doubly-redundant radar altimeters. "Little Boy" Atomic Bomb Type: Nuclear weaponNation: United StatesDesigner: Los Alamos LabratoryLength: 10 feetWeight: 9,700 poundsDiameter: 28 inchesFilling: Uranium-235Yield: 15 kilotons of TNT Delivery Use On July 14, several completed bomb units and the uranium projectile were shipped by train from Los Alamos to San Francisco. Here they were embarked aboard the cruiser USS Indianapolis. Steaming at high speed, the cruiser delivered the bomb components to Tinian on July 26. That same day, the uranium target was flown to the island in three C-54 Skymasters from the 509th Composite Group. With all of the pieces on hand, bomb unit L11 was chosen and Little Boy assembled. Due to the danger of handling the bomb, the weaponeer assigned to it, Captain William S. Parsons, made the decision to delay inserting the cordite bags into the gun mechanism until the bomb was airborne. With the decision to use the weapon against the Japanese, Hiroshima was selected as the target and Little Boy was loaded aboard the B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay. Commanded by Colonel Paul Tibbets, Enola Gay took off on August 6 and rendezvoused with two additional B-29s, which had been loaded with instrumentation and photographic equipment, over Iwo Jima. Boeing B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay landing after the atomic bombing mission on Hiroshima, Japan, 1945. U.S. Air Force Proceeding to Hiroshima, Enola Gay released Little Boy over the city at 8:15 AM. Falling for fifty-seven seconds, it detonated at the predetermined height of 1,900 feet with a blast equivalent to about 13-15 kilotons of TNT. Creating an area of complete devastation approximately two miles in diameter, the bomb, with its resulting shock wave and firestorm, effectively destroyed around 4.7 square miles of the city, killing 70,000-80,000 and injuring another 70,000. The first nuclear weapon used in wartime, it was quickly followed three days later by the use of Fat Man, a plutonium bomb, on Nagasaki. Postwar As it was not expected that the Little Boy design would be used again, many of the plans for the weapon were destroyed. This caused a problem in 1946 when a shortage of plutonium for new weapons led to the need to construct several uranium-based bombs as a stopgap. This resulted in a successful effort to recreate the original design and produced six assemblies. In 1947, the U.S. Navy Bureau of Ordnance built 25 Little Boy assemblies though by the following year there was only enough fissionable material to arm ten. The last of the Little Boy units were removed from the inventory in January 1951.

Reflection Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection Assignment - Essay Example However, my friends and my parents jointly helped me prepare for my exams. My friends would convey me at my home what the teachers had taught in a particular day, and updated me on class exercises. They had been kind enough to spend a lot of time with me at my home and make me memorize the lessons on daily basis. My mother would make a visit to the school everyday after work to fetch me notes and ensure that I was updated on the on-going lessons. By the grace of God and through mutual effort of my parents and my friends, I happened to go through the exams with flying colors. I had a slight idea that my papers had gone exceptionally well, but I did not know they went good enough to earn me a trophy. It was a bright summer morning in April. My parents accompanied me to the school to see how well had I done. My heart lurched for I was very conscious about going to see how well had I done after having remained ill for a considerably long period. The school was decorated with ribbons, balloons and posters. About 1000 seats were aligned in the huge ground of the school to cater for all students and their parents. On one corner of the ground was a table covered with white cloth. There were silver trophies with red, blue and green ribbons tied round their necks arranged in rows. My father told me that red ones were for those who stood first, blues pertained to the students who came second, and green ribboned trophies were meant for those who stood third in the class. I had always fancied getting one of those trophies, no matter what color the ribbon on it was. They were of special significance to me because I had never got them before. I had seen in my previous classes how my class fe llows who achieved positions were appreciated not only by their parents, teachers and school administration, but also the class fellows including me envied them. I always wondered how much effort it takes to secure one of the top

The question is on karen tranberg hansen's book salaula. the world of Essay

The question is on karen tranberg hansen's book salaula. the world of secondhand clothing and zambia - Essay Example The country, which takes its name from the river Zambezi, has been on a path of continual economic decline due to the continuing low worldwide market for copper (the main export of Zambia) and a reduction in the country’s copper reserves. After late 19th century, the flourishing trade in secondhand clothing in the West (in London, a great clothes market rejoiced in the name of ‘Petticoat Lane’) dried up mainly because imports of new clothing from developing countries were easily available and affordable. Of total world exports of secondhand clothing (estimated by the United Nations in 1995 at 1.4 billion, the U.S. being the biggest exporter), about a quarter goes to sub-Saharan Africa. In the early 1990s secondhand clothes were America’s eighth largest export to the region. Britons are known to discard about 1 million tons of old clothes each year: this figure does not include an estimated 200,000 tons of old clothes that are recycled to be worn again or used in the industry. There are two social groups discussed in the book. The first is â€Å"Rainbow Children’s Hospice† in Leicester in the U.K that raises funds for charity. The second is â€Å"Scope†, an organization in the U.K to help people with cerebral palsy. Scope has about 900 clothes banks in the U.K; 760 of them are owned directly by it; the balance 140 are owned by sub-dealers (such as Ragtex U.K located in Ashby-da-la-Zouch) licensed to use the Scope name. Each sub-dealer donates  £100 a year to Scope’s charity fund. Dana Simons, the owner of the blouse that makes the historic journey in the novel, is a high school teacher who teaches home economics, food and nutrition in a school in Leicester. Dana is also a professional fundraiser at the Rainbow Children’s Hospice in the same city. Gerald Commel is the Managing Director of Ragtex U.K, sub-dealer of Scope’s clothes banks, which operates a textile recycling plant

Three projects selection Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Three projects selection - Term Paper Example The first example will focus on a project that needs the application of computer engineering and information technology. It will need the use of wireless transmission. Ideas that are available for the project include the following: The project is a about getting an iOS device talk to a Bluetooth low energy shield. Requirements include an iphone, an Adriano, BLE, 4 or 5 LEDs, some wire, a momentary push switch and photo shield or bead board. The hard ware connection and arrangement will be quite simple. 4 LEDs will be connected to some pins of the PMW on the Arduino. Another LED will be used for indication of connectivity to iPhone, as well as a push button, which will trigger action on the iPhone (instructables, 2014). Pin 8 and 9 should be left alone since the BLE shield makes use of them to perform. Positive terminals from the LEDs will go to pin 3, pin 5, pin 6, and pin 10. Negative terminals will head to some common ground. To minimize cost, no use of resistors. They have been substituted by the type of LEDs. One LED on the prototype shield is connected to the pin number 4 on the Arduino is used to show connectivity on the handset, as well as one of those toggle switches connected to the pin number seven ( instructables, 2014). The speaker now will be fixed in a plastic structure at the side which represents the plane. This is the pain reliever for individuals who feel like it is painful to carry around bike helmets. This idea came up as a result of seeing most people who biked without helmets since they are bulk. Then if this idea can be worked upon successfully, then lives will be saved. The helmet will reduce a common helmet height by 50%. It gets to solve the problem to of helmet storage at a time when it is not in use. The idea is to come up with something very light and that can fold to be stored easily in a backpack or any bag. Its structure will be made of an expanded polypropylene high density with impact absorption

The Importance Of Communication English Language Essay

The Importance Of Communication English Language Essay Within this essay I will explore the methods and importance of communication when working as a childhood practitioner. Communication is commonly defined as the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs This is a process by which meaning is assigned and conveyed in an attempt to create a shared understanding. This process involves a huge repertoire of intrapersonal and interpersonal skills including listening, speaking, questioning, observing, analysing, and evaluating.   The importance of communication within a team is perfectly demonstrated in this analogy by Wideman (2000): Communication is like engine oil: it needs to be applied to the machinery or the machinery will not start or, if it does, it will quickly falter and grind to a halt. And the oil, like communication, needs to be continuously recycled and regularly replaced with new oil as the old becomes no longer usable. But what of the quality of the oil? Too little or too thi n and it is not effective; too thick or too much and everything just gets gummed up. (Wideman, 2000). Effective communication is crucial for a team to be successful. The team needs to communicate regularly with one another because through communication cooperation and collaboration occur. Collaboration with one another is necessary in the workplace because it helps to solve problems, help maintain standards of practice and create a good rapport with all involved. Ebbeck and Waniganayake (2003, p.195) state shared decision making is one secret of successful management. In order for this to be achieved communication is essential and necessary in the workplace. Great communication skills are an absolute must it is A vital part of any centres functioning is the communication that occurs among staff (Ebbeck and Waniganayake,2003: p.197). A lack of teamwork and communication can lead to a stressful working environment and a poor quality service. In a recent presentation of mine I demonstrated through a communication exercise the importance of communication and how communication is not just verbal in nature. The exercise required all team members to communicate clearly in the communication method appropriate. The team had limitations that prevented them from communicating in the easiest form this forced them to develop a way of overcoming these barriers, communicating in a different fashion whilst also working as a team. They had two attempts to complete the task assigned to them. The first attempt went very badly as they found it very difficult to communicate with the barriers in place. However after a small group discussion they were able to devise a way to accomplish the task.   This simple exercise is a useful one to employ during a staff meeting and it teaches the value of communication and the need for effective and clear communication in order to work as a team. Communication can be viewed as an active process that is in turn influenced by the complexities and ambiguities of human behaviour. It is riddled with the potential of breakdown. Clampitt sates that We actively construct meanings within a unique vortex that includes the words used, the context of the utterances, and the people involved (2005, p.8). It is a process where elements such as any non-verbal actions, individuals own interpretation and own ascribed meaning can have an influence. Communications strategies to construct a clear and unambiguous message can encourage effective and direct communication. There are certain barriers both physical and psychological that can hinder communication as Clampitt states and it is important to be aware of these. Anything that prevents a message being understood is seen as a barrier. These are some barriers that can occur when communicating: Culture, background, and bias Our culture, background, and bias can allow us to change the meaning of a message, which can interfere with the communication process. Noise Noise impedes communication as it can both distract the sender and receiver so that concentration is hard and also muffle and distort the message being sent. Perception If we feel the person is hard to understand for instance talking to rapidly, not fluently or is not articulate enough the receiver can dismiss that person. Preconceived attitudes can also affect our ability to listen. Ourselves There is a tendency to focus on ourselves rather the person communicating which can cause conflict and confusion. Some of these factors that affect communication are ego and the feeling of superiority. Message Distractions can happen when someone doesnt look at the idea presented and chooses to focus on facts. Semantic distractions are when a word is used in a different manor than you prefer. Environmental these can include a range of stimulus that can provide potential distraction. Stress People view things differently when under stress. A message can be influenced by psychological frame of mind and our beliefs, knowledge, experience and values. Communication is vital within the childcare profession; in order for good communication it is necessary to understand the different components. Communication consists of the following methods; verbal, non-verbal communication, and written.   Verbal communication is a communication method using word of mouth. For instance   holding a conversation with someone requires the development of skills and social coordination which means having the ability to start and end conversations, the ability to show an interest and being able to interest the person you are having a conversation with. Argyle (1988) devised the Sender and Reciever Model which encodes the oral messages by the sender and decodes the messages then by the reciever. Sender  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Encodes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚    ®Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Message  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  Decodes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  Ã‚     Reciever Verbal communication is used to greet people, problem solve and provide support. It can also helps with everyday tasks such as, explaining issues and procedures exchanging ideas or learning ideas. It is necessary for childcare prationers to have highly attuned social skills, as they are dealing with people every day and oral communication is central in being able to bond and to have relationships with people. Thompson 1986 argued that commuinication is imperative for two major reasons these where as follows; one to enable people to share information and two enabling people to have relationships with people. Thompson stated that   relationship is the communcation. There are certain barriers that occur using verbal communication within the Childrens services such as semantic barriers, dialect, and language and tempo message. Other barriers include message complexity and message overload, which is when a person receives too many messages at the same time. Written communication is another useful communication channel and is very important between different professionals. Writting information down makes records more pernament and more accurate. Written informnation is unlike a verbal message which can become distorted when being verbally passed to people There are barriers in written communications such as the illegibility of peoples hand writing or if the written message is misunderstood.. The rules governing writing are also different compared to oral communication as it is necessary in written communication to maintain accuracy and darity. When writing information there is a need to check that all of the information is correct as if the information is recorded wrong it could result in problems. As problems can occur such as; delays in meeting the needs of the children and parents; not being able to make the right decision due to the vagueness of information recorded; being unable to deliver an organised service. An example of written communication documents is staff rotas showing times of work and holiday.   Lastly Non verbal communication is everything other than spoken words, this includes paralanguage this is um or ah sounds, the volume of the talking, the pace and accent. A very big part of non-verbal communication is facial expressions as these are indictors to others about our feelings, attitudes, states of mind and relationships.  Non-verbal communication can also include eye contact, proximity, posture and gestures. All three ways of communication have problems but are an effective way to communicate with others when used in the right way. Communication is about active listening as well as communicating with the necessary sincerity and compassion. Listening is a key skill and should not be underestimated.   One of the purposes of listening is to convey interest and respect for the other person and this is crucial to solve problems that arise and to also meet another persons needs as well as our own. Studies have revealed that listening is the on the whole the most frequent aspect of workplace communication (Adler and Elmhorst, 1999). Other studies have also found that Managers spend on average 65-90% of their working day listening to someone, with the percentage of time increasing with level of managerial responsibility (Kotter, 1982, Nichols Stevens, 1990). However research highlights that people generally people achieve no more than 25-50% accuracy in interpreting the meaning of each others remarks (Spitzberg, 1994). This means misunderstanding is very common. Furthermore tuning listening skills and becoming compe tent at listening would improve workplace communication significantly. There are barriers that hinder the ability to listen. For one People are very quick to jump to conclusions and form a judgement before the speaker has finished, this in turn can mean that the message intended is misinterpreted. People also have a tendency to hear what they want to hear and be inattentive while cultural issues or the interruption of the speaker can also prevent people from listening. Developing active listening skills such as listening to non-verbal as well as verbal language, paraphrasing, using feedback, and asking appropriate questions can help to identify possible misinterpretations of the message, as well as check for unintended messages. Good communication is absolutely essential and key when working with children, young people, families and carers. It is central in building trust amongst the users and staff within this context. In order to maintain relationships it needs to be an active process that involves listening, understanding and responding accordingly. Communication is both necessary on the one-on-one basis and also when working in a group and it is important to realise when to focus on the individual and when to focus on groups. Another thing to be aware of is  that communication is a two way process that is necessary to make sure the person feels valued and respected. Communication should also be matched appropriately to the stage of development, personal circumstances, and needs of the person being addressed. The culture and context when communicating needs to be thought about for instance, the professional should hold awareness and communicate appropriately if English is an additional language, the chi ld is disabled or at risk of under-achievement or other poor outcomes.   Effective communication is also about utilising the best communication method appropriately and being aware of any barriers that could occur these could include poverty, disability, anxiety, cultural differences and religious requirements. It is the managers duty to make sure communication within the team is effective. There are many ways a manager can help and improve a teams communication. The first is to keep all the communication channels open. Management should be always there to listen and actively participate with the team. A strong relationship with  management is important for communication and in turn the productivity of the team. The second is to offer some form of staff training in clear communication. Miscommunication is all too common in the working world and training in correct communication can easily help avoid miscommunication. Teaching employees to communicate in a clear and precise manor and listen carefully to the speaker can rectify this. Classes in other forms of communication can also be of help. Lastly it is good to invite feedback from staff and hold regular meetings both of which can provide a solid avenue for communication. All people are different and are better at different methods of co mmunication so providing as many avenues as possible is a good way to ensure communication is easy for others. Team meetings are a fantastic way to give everyone a chance to participate and have their say. It allows people to facilitate and contribute to decisions involving the workplace making them feel respected and that their feedback counts.   Communication is a highly complex process and to improve interpersonal communication, a fuller knowledge and understanding of communication skills are essential. Communication is not just about speaking it is about active listening, written and non-verbal ways of communication. Any team who wants to be successful needs to communicate in a direct and clear manor. Management should ensure that communication skills are practiced and that it is an ongoing process. Communication allows a team to work together effectively. Communication is an important skill especially when working as a childcare practitioner as without communication a childs needs cannot be met. COMMUNICATION EXERCISE   Have two people lead the group  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leaders need to try and physically arrange all of the players in sequential age order (youngest to oldest)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Each leader has specific limitations restricting the ease in which they can do this. Leader One cannot see and has the following limitations:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   can only ask yes or no questions  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   cannot touch anyone Leader Two can see and can touch people but has the following limitations:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   cannot speak All other players in the group can only answer yes or no to any questions and cannot move unless moved by Leader Two.   Communication Rationale The rationale for this particular communication exercise was to teach each person the importance of clear and direct communication and its importance when working as a team. Effective communication includes a range of skills which include things like body language, clear speech, eye contact and active listening. Communication activities like the one I used for my presentation allow participants to focus on these skills and understand their impact on the effectiveness of communication. The task also illustrated the importance of working as a team to overcome limitations and complete the task set. The team players had to try and understand one another using different communication strategies in order to complete the exercise successfully and within the time cap. Furthermore this task forced players to perform with limitations such as not being able to speak or not being able to use hands etc. During this game, the demand for   effective communication from each player was essential. Similarly the understanding of each teammates role on the team, as well as their own, was vital to the teams success. Players needed to understand their roles and accomplish their tasks in their roles, without trying to do everything. This communication exercise was designed to help the participants become more aware of the importance of communication in all forms whether verbal or non-verbal. They also had to uses direct and precise communication so not to confuse other team members. They also had to have an awareness and acceptance of the varied roles within a team. Awareness comes with visual and verbal communication by the individual participant and their teammates. Research Types of Communication Based on Communication Channels The process of communication can be broadly classified as verbal communication and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication includes written and oral communication whereas the non-verbal communication includes body language, facial expressions and visuals diagrams or pictures used for communication.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Verbal Communication Verbal communication is further divided into written and oral communication. The oral communication refers to the spoken words in the communication process. Oral communication can either be face-to-face communication or a conversation over the phone or on the voice chat over the Internet. Spoken conversations or dialogs are influenced by voice modulation, pitch, volume and even the speed and clarity of speaking. The other type of verbal communication is written communication. Written communication can be either via snail mail, or email. The effectiveness of written communication depends on the style of writing, vocabulary used, grammar, clarity and precision of language.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nonverbal Communication Non-verbal communication includes the overall body language of the person who is speaking, which will include the body posture, the hand gestures, and overall body movements. The facial expressions also play a major role while communication since the expressions on a persons face say a lot about his/her mood. On the other hand gestures like a handshake, a smile or a hug can independently convey emotions. Non verbal communication can also be in the form of pictorial representations, signboards, or even photographs, sketches and paintings. phrase from some British propaganda during WWII neatly sums up the dangers of ineffective communications: Careless talk costs lives. That may be over-dramatic in most cases where communications between seafarers or between ship and shore go awry but it does illustrate the importance of effective communications and the real dangers if they go badly wrong. Evaluation This task has allowed me to understand the importance of communication within a workforce and how a team relies on communication to function. The presentation went well, I was able to get across the necessity of teamwork and the different methods of communication. The team all had limitations which meant not only did everyone have to communicate but they had to find different ways of communicating successfully. The problem was with the presentation is it lacked time; ten minutes seemed far too short. I had to limit the presentation to literally just the task and a few words prior to explain the task and why communication was important. If I had more time I would have conducted a slightly different task. The team also wasnt able to complete the task first time so I had to allow them to try again a second which was time consuming and meant I had to cut short the presentation and not summarise it as well as I would of liked to .   The negatives to the task I did conduct were that a few people did not understand the instructions I gave them at first so I had to also explain the task again fully. If I was to re do the presentation I would simplify the task. I think all in all the presentation showed the class the value of communication whether verbal or non-verbal and how teamwork is essential in any difficult situation. It was essential for them to utilise all avenues of communication to pass the task.